Files
Polsl-Notes/!Załączniki/Op-Amp 2023-06-06 14.10.38.excalidraw.md

10 KiB

excalidraw-plugin, tags
excalidraw-plugin tags
parsed
excalidraw

==⚠ Switch to EXCALIDRAW VIEW in the MORE OPTIONS menu of this document. ⚠==

Text Elements

U wej ^w5Tvp6uw

U wyj ^NxaltBnA

Ur ^CgcBtnee

Ur = 0 gdy Ujemne sprzężenie zwrotne

Ku=Uwyj/Uwej ^10jZNRX2

%%

Drawing

N4KAkARALgngDgUwgLgAQQQDwMYEMA2AlgCYBOuA7hADTgQBuCpAzoQPYB2KqATL

ZMzYBXUtiRoIACyhQ4zZAHoFAc0JRJQgEYA6bGwC2CgF7N6hbEcK4OCtptbErHAL

RY8RMpWdx8Q1TdIEfARcZgRmBShcZQUARm0ATm0eGjoghH0EDihmbgBtcDBQMBLo

eHF0Ig4kflLGFnYuNB5YgA5ayHrWTgA5TjFuWIAWVoA2AFZWhIBmdsLIQmYAEXSo

BGJuADMCMI6IEm4IZQAZHuU4AEdmAGlmYmuAdgB9bCeAZQAtADEASWOADVSJUgm0

I+Hwb1gwUOklw2A0gSBpWYUFIbAA1ggAOokdSDPYotGYyEwaESQQeJGQNF+STVZi

5NCxPZsOBwtQwQYABi5e2syjJqF58wgmG4zlGD0SsQeo1iPASsS5PAeXNGCT2nLQ

zhlXO0aoerXGk2mQwSoy5CSGBNRGIQAGE2Pg2KRDgBiWIIT2eqkQTRw9HKGkcYiO

52uiSo6zMNmBbK+ii4ySDIbjbQPB7jHim8amh6zWKjPaSBCEZTSQaK9PK1qtLlGm

aZgkIdbcTMJbOy1V7IPCOA/YiM1B5AC6e2DxHpQ44QnBe00whDAFFgplskPR3shH

BiLg1hsmaMxlzc0NRpLZnsqujuDO5yLndhMQfUNt8LsRSjcKQoAAhQghgByi3rO+

B7FkxD/oBHDAWgd5gQ+oRQI6+j6Go+4AApsABUAgfewIQF+P4AIKkGiFAlrgL7we

BIakeRlHUaBexwNh675PMYAFMCJTCjxYBcpxY6cdxPF8TxsRVqqPC1vW4yNuMQkd

FxnFgMMaYZlmOZ5gWRaqea2hnpaQwKqqrQ8KMQxDEpImqeJwKCTxI7zM5JQAL61M

UpSwIghxVDUIpdI03DWoFTDdBwfQcAMaAduMqYJOMhp7IsKzBPuWw7AgKUvvscBL

DAPwAEpFZQABSmAAJoAIpwMRbyVdsxBfL6oLgiSgpSHCCIBQRhJ2jixB4kyNpEgg

HUVIRToHOOwjllO+Iiqy7KwNy9kQPygrrWK2rxemDw8DJ5lctM2ZWqFBFaqgOo8G

msTxZMkqKgkHaSaNdphi67rel6vWlP6T69kIIafRG6BRhwMbflkuF7ImQ3JkyPD6

maHaSklrTyuMxaluWuFoOtYStkyMoqjJ2brUD/aDvkwkEROC1wcxIoLsDxArhkMM

bnTpTbruGWHsep4HYdfAPgBN5M/hpSPs+mXvtln5RD+UGODBeEIQREGq0BGtXkhK

FoTI6xYThetK9+UD0WwFEhEx0uQBB1u21R5sEaxOEbrZ/H2bxNk8aJwLyijL0WZm

hpY8pAlCS5hQeYUXmQD5k2bIE6zkFQexBZw3JZ+FjRRTFqBDNMFpDMqekEalqzE6

+WU5Yc1XEE89BQGV2BYgAVv8ACqCBwDkAASuCD2wbBGK1YIQlCk2wvCIh/QItqYo

Nw2oMyStjRNhwUjNIo0vN4RDhvBHLdgHJrXyMFbXsO3XaMyNWSdDwJMq0zGpJF2l

FdzhJM/0yh2eq9Ws71MSg2+r9H084AxAxBk6L6kZyCQ1jDDBMSZBijEMtMQs5cH7

YxFCWMsFZmjaEkvWVoDxUyxBlG0Jsn4WwvlflZEuVoxYESpgObms02aM1QDRFmi5

2ari5rTLcO49y10LELPMqoZRXglm7GWbAny1zfB+d2bEcgcQDnZKOjlgQ8xKIHEo

8RLS5gSC/M0LQKH4J9v7YExiwDIzIUadU0x34KT0fYoxqlMFJQstg1oHjph0LsU5

ZSjjWjplGO/M0dYzw2K8eE72ElpikNTKdIYqpVTYNukkgxETVLDGSOXQ0pdFS4Ly

XZbxKl+KFiwTgtUVT+LONfrWSh4xqEPFoYpZJOi6mYJLo0vBUdWnkI6V0npMcCmI

RRIbdCJtNGKIEIQfQs4JEYUCAyBe3BURCEVu7LZzAF7czjp5EUydDipwYRnX02cm

jrw1GFBovR+gVFiCEyyspJhsNKNXdKqj64igOBIDMPQECbE7qQLEGFO4ADVx6d3G

FyUgjwADyXA9htWnqSWe3UdmgOxOgkam87Tb3JNNDY3DD4MkWqfNk59VpMh5FfAU

FRtriizNoSYHzpKmhGOdTU4p6mqmNDwJpCRawyXlIS8BEgPSQMXn6GBE45XgyQVD

OMsMRTwzXmMxUL8jyhNKIQvGlZ0wyklaqC08UjW2ORAw7gKp5KWR5JXUoHCaZoE3

PvQRvD+EEVZsuYR7FvWGIgHzCRL4pE2rzEEmY8iOCSz4czAistAUKxYpor2/SxL5

JKIY2peain6kSiZVoZ4np2pqY432TjSFtIoVQmhNia2qR1KWh6UwK0hPtcCMZ7Tm

3dNbX0hx7bTFlsmJKkuxrgRpiyQdE65ThhNN6TM3NwIO1mNTN2mdfaSh+IOuebMu

ZOnjDwW2/iW7J27t7VHKU55MYtHcYaV+F7R0+Kvfqy1dr73aEffKD5ISpirsvTxZ

w37DWJNUlE2UsTJVcgSZmMDm7IPmmg/xJIDYeQUJA++9dY6v0NstD+jDElkaIcle

aHg5dsx7pQyUCDxGDXodnSYtJ6lMnZJOljBjYAmNkJY7+opUoszdOmFyeU6pcy8Y

/UW1DzHSNsbUlEh+t0pjUI+dK26fGBOvyE2RoOSRukvwoWqE8SG10FsKURwTSn90

qf/YdKdmnTpPqs2AQtjjr1dunXeopgzsGSmoSZDGsmCOfvAxO3zPblP1KGcF4Yt0

I46aci5fWcyDBG0wksqWmtkSrPWWsTZR8dloD2Qc0ocAjknNpmchOFzyhXLTp4TO

zyIpOvWvcwu7zH0TDPBJlKywa4vjUZVhYuViD6DhR8TAbAlxYnRMRKAcK0XEQoHC

sqPdUxiixVPcl6A549V9P1FexL16EoO1NSk1K6RHzpaUM+F9mXrU2uy2+nKkj3Vw

dgk8Jo3oih/vKKUOZkVZItJQloTy+rLwdPAsGEAFU/V9ADQMqr4eHAhpq1BcNzvx

ewbI88knz3NJNbjYhvBFNQdnYRR1aBw7KnM78yAnquG+p4fdvL85BEczXFosNYj+

aSKPLGkYhYlSJuTQGpRKjRtAo0Z7bRhHi1hIi/Jkxnad1+eU/o6zKT+1U9Yw53Xn

mbM8TSTJGJ90DM6740MbQBYMxmjfnu/Npv9clHt47yhr86P+bqZrqdsWPNedUvOj

M2ZZhjGHXFwPt7kNyccYeiyHYKFKk8SW7dQf6OJ9Ug+o8lp6zityQ56LWvg98dgz

E+KCHLNRzL9n3tfGsPyRw6+1d9e4/a5D2boOeoy1ngzPmV3meb3d748HSjYx/EWR

J6XrvFfc91Io3EiYIsJgjNUmh6tS/UnpNzDR7jJfRmG532rxxxSaNcjKeqFdm+Wm

n5HefopaZ3EPxMujFLDnt9P71xukxgWuohYFo909+PEP+Cez+AyDShOIBc+J+dm1

OIe6WsyyEWWCyxAps8YXOn4hW+AGyNWiI5WpA+yLEhB4QdW7k5yBElyEggQ2AUQ1

8Sq9y3Ag27WBcbynWkmk6poQ2aUCAAsdcmawKuU+gCQzgZU+AcAsQhATw5gDwMAx

wVElUPw0wzgg8k87UM8MI+KiIhKq8iMF2pKxI2hFKN27ONKx8LIDKz268LKIob23

AHK2oComC0+wWocEmn8Qq2owwaSQ+More7ixesqGO8qP0UCLMKqgiaq0AGqKC8Yu

OCMgwKo+o3SEwYmpo/uZORC+MqA78+o8UFkyo5iHe9CkiiUFa8k3hIorOoi7OIY/

qqa/0POIa/Ow44akaghMaJ4potYyKDwkuyyEA6acuCs9WJQicZQvkdBCADBjhecL

yDy7iixEUPW3AdYt0a+8UfBI28s6ifyuUCAkglUmgMhowZUzA9opArQbwRg6IQwA

A4kuF8MQGwJoTip1EdgSsYUSskSSjDlvKYegLvFShYXdrSgCY9jYUynYa9kwU4R9

tqEMPEA/OqDEmaA/PWADpdOKGHNyu/uqCMDRlDqEeGBAsjtAoDOjuSYgtGAkdqgR

LqoYcMJgq+pKDJGemAZAKahTgAlgiAVRpQhaFaM2JIvmGqFkQ/D2DSNTGzvTH6pz

img7H6K0ZzKGh0YLlGhgtIpiRWtDjLAojgWmsonLGgGNhMUUI1jMZUABMwfnDnGg

FZKsRwdFBUCLMaOeOeLsQCmMQcRNocEuP8McEMEuBcEML+MMMwBcHCpVEYFyIQKQ

IQBQAALIfFXbfF6G/EGEPZLxAm4o7yUq+gHwQlWFLQwlXRKjwlsqIkih3w6jqjph

WiSbBa1iWTOmA7CqpGg6IayjX4mQ4nIiw6xFI6/Qo7RFsyxFY4MloL/F2HxAUKuq

zByQZ4ES8l5Fl4ySVpIFikvhnjIrDDDAyl9icL1EKkc6QnKn5aQBBpCLqntE+oER

dHC7SJg7dJ9ojFGlXlXimkZr+mETKx/gARqywTfkijazAW6zGkywGzoHGyYG5ZgU

w6WzOyMTDFOxkQ2xoXQWQAewanGK1pu6h51KSbaCLnlzLkNjZGbqbkVrnhIHTIFq

WlTG0G2nVB3IOkPIUIumvJukhSALnhHnArDa+n7Hjb7C5TohYjKBYgwAYQAAq9Am

ARg8ljxhA1CRgcAnc1wcKPw6ZwJXU88WZgJA0eOl2BloJxZc0pZuZEAT2sJVZrKN

8dZ4o5c3K2CYOnSbQ7ig5kAP8NG9uxoT61+zqACaoZJCC6Ao5kRgaE5cCtJ6q9J0

MiROq52HY+oMoACB5iUx+BC5OG59SkyTaL0JVFiu5KRyKUw+YbQx524p5AuDRk4S

p0uN5apfO8pvM4i3RIuvRnSpcGYQxOFIxv5fp4lREQF0EoFLVGAIYOs6sQ1+BmWq

EGBWBeR0141qFds6FdEmFLs9s15EAeFD5HuAkRFvejG6Vkm+YiU3BMmpODkuml1m

VN1kkd1pehVLaPupVFijFnmzF1pk0/kHFSx3I0wPFkUnBh4Fo9YL0QlVcIlAhf54

lIK6A0wS4MA2AKZrQpAlUUQkgcKTwMkFwCQZUPwkgZU+lBZEgmZSqp2fxa8J8Q5+

ZnUllt2vCjNkA9llZ9hBEjhBMSJdhd0D8qoMwxosS2CPh10h+ZFzCwWMSK5X8eZH

0YRUVERSqqOsCoYKtcRSVWqs5a8iUDuJ0lkL0Lu1FUg+VgwlCpC4c7m5VaAL6FCM

kr8tVcpZ5pQDMzVzRrVbMvOIiDVT5XVL5saWkiUBpkA14wxoxYlNolsc1U13tM1k

EkF81SFMFS12WiyZsQ1G1u12FadjsO1DEW1Q1R1OayuDkZ1J1ko0omYKJyKYV3Jf

su+wINdBq8U90J0b691Ji1tgRX+um3ZYwSo8awe9efdtt4WTFBi/1NBTWEgQN4NT

qzODAnF6xaAyK4qJkdGPpiNo1DcEgWIzACZMAZUrQzAPcygrQ1UbAjx1UhA1UFAm

AUARUlNXxuhtNsOOZUJStJhVNIJRZbNSpHNdlFZl8DhCJ/NLlTI3SiQ+pHyVonSC

G7qfl4o+Y/6IuDYHyCtEVCO0V6tcVWtCVOtyCyVjJpQzJFViQsokkD8eG91FtuRt

ZfUdOqAFaL8HySUitRwsp9VmpjVTRKpt5ft+FnRQd0aPVp6ConScwaaX5010d5p8

uQ5cdKdCdKpEFk1UdsFy18Fq1wxudxdrsQ1GFRj+1Waiu3qJ1daJuxF5GaYFico1

G9Dxuv1rkYA8ckxANfkdpwNHWDtK93WkNqANeF48k3D/ye9MdIhhwhA1wGEXwSwF

ArcxwhAHwnSaETwlU2AZUKZroe2Wh/9hlx2+hZlvxV2rN4J7N1hK03N1ZzlBE9Zb

dMocoCoSoKoao4dEAP8UoVokkZkt0r1uVJlYC2t+D451JMR2t05ZD+thhISJSnSh

oosG+DD65GxFuuYmMZ4Fis+0p5R0aNikk7i5krtfDj5Htipl501wjbRHVkAz5Ejr

5IS7iH5kdC1I10TyFKsaj21ydWjC1OjmdCF2dBdAFKFedJdYLpjWFUL01ZdSukWl

d1SLdjGCzNGSz5kh0qzrjqL/G6LVCyz2L8BMGmzBYOzR6JObjs93k89bF9pINzQs

jdQa9wTJc2zQSZ4u9ghY2B96Av4QQzAS4DwSw+gncrwDwygowcKXwuAQwpAFAzgb

9eKRln9Y039RhIz40FlgDVTwDNTjKdTTl720DUtFiiQco2DjjkoRJktN0d0XaT0k

kr0XTdNI5atEzaOUzxDMzetSRa8hoZFi6ACliwCzLPJltUDLDkiQGkwZovBtRvDX

q/D55jRXtQjbV/tKbnVQuTzIdqYItg1YLijQh/5418dfzFbgLGdK1iF61gFm1xj0

LRdsLTb8L2aiL6up1KLUB4GgbTtXdob1i4bzdM9Y7Hj1BtLNpG0u1fjwUDtKDq9S

x69vA8UpogRETCNPLyjAZEgPw2AMS0wZUXwPQhAXIKZ2AFASwZU5EbwCAaZBTnxK

rJT2ZZTWrFTur55lhtlXN4DvNkDQoAtzg78aS5kskn+aMopnZzK9utY7Sb8cUEcu

DFJY5VJXrk50z8Rsz/rhh606zzQJ4iQJc54qYAxdtBzKYACFaH+K9dRAdlzF504i

dtz959zEa4jOpIdp41+RbCjnzSjwh3zE1IFlbvz1baBujOWoL9bELZjfzjbuU345

EvoCLVj/+3bquf+FdvEUcEGhHVopclkxo1+7m1LVBDWc907SnNsc7jp+R4bS7axw

TROPIEmyo3LSNfLEAcKGE6Ikg+gmAPcPw4wpAyg2Av40wDIDwHA0grQyrOhqrJ2X

9b7TNZKOr5hX7NlP9oDtTf7pQfNgHprFkC51Cp0L0Fo5kEmi7lZbQ+opot08k2zG

SIDbrYzHraHmtU5WHfrqVc5eHkb68dY6YIwWSKJLQlo5tRMEjTrw6ZzybFz1IVzT

HGbvtdz7tDzHHgsXHtYCbcjSaUd/HpbY1gFVbzb/zIn4n8yejdbidhjrb5j4FLbe

1hw1nbWCu+F1jVd6ndaOoQ3lC7DY36eTeaW47njVplnKcLWtyS9TIXTQTfFTIuCg

Gt0m7/B27gnhxhwaKcKowncWNHwg8KJ9oXIcAOP+U+ACQmgcA8X1NH9SX6rKXv92

rRTlTmX1T5ZuXL2xrzDpQ9ZwOaRwB56VkRn6okt6V8aPIVCROoByH4RiqnrnXmHu

tOOvXa8/JxHJ0XJazA3LQiQMN78tqhmtOki9YqMrJtHSbbHnt1zzHmbojWp3Vr5J

t56vHidJbvLIoqnw4n3PbWnSLGuWe8euLvbQcC+I+V6DeQffGEBDmPm5eOeIfB63

KR6qe3SE3ymzgXumMTuvuWRkBfvXbVe8G8SwmV64eB0Jz0eUyeL90DupcJJn+5HV

6ye6oMkafCkE+omHT5X6fsfRfNeJfv+7u6nkkFqdY/dTf4GLer89Y7e+GBfjiNGp

aFiHYIwiGpfUWK+ocjfU9w/2nTid0iUgzZ4I31FjGk+qMYcYWqWifTiUSYu56+YY

Hkc46r+9fH+k9N/C/qkBRFmxRt0jdHuvxlq5qYgq8kYHrfwJZeUY8sfUfsOiurX8

e8J1WYA7nLhJQ5QMA3TuKjIofJwcc+PjOr1Lia9QCQAvTjgLzA4sCBSQDXu/BIGx

9debSUWob3z579/eYAQgRaFoEksv08QRgQb0sxuMMsEnYFvoxzp4ECCpWIgqgAqx

kFJBFBMNDSyTh0toAWAchp0E4obFwaK7dxCZBeicsPO+9GJhIAoDjBFKcAUYEIDe

6lBsUGZOnqUznItdYcH7DLgx2/bZdf2XPCBjWSja89xQ2CLDKqB5DxQduiUQYtB3

yLxAzQFFAsBQJJyy9Va8vDrjSUiokNscKVJkudlzCJB5IiDSUGnmMg4wmGG9QmKw

3ugj1qqXLRNieXm7hprey3A6ix3arrd2OubTjiMGFKHkum7zYtodw94ERNgnAKAG

8EIBGAKg4qLFIMNlZoR8AlZPYGsGfqHAe4qACgAgE7gAAdTFPvEoDyVVBiw5YasI

2G+h5hVsIgMoAeQjEIUagpdlAHMAEBiIpw84VAFZC+g9A2QXAHaVIADhhiLoMsAB

AIA7CFhEgJYSsPWGbC9uCAQeAN3iAMN/QYQIGk6ViCKDpik0Y4bZy4paDgmL8M9O

ExXqRN0e/5FGhAB6CYACAf4DgMRBp6HY7Br7BweZRZ6ftXBWXTVtCU55wluePgyA

HfAJz/oOGKoJ9LME9KS1TQ6YeJEqFlDS8Xevxd1okKiKTMMOPrbrirwyFzkuUACF

6GLnFSTIum+HEJiUNrg0Yvk+YZFHNyt5LdhijQrNgtxaHaktu7Qs8ElhAbdC+Osu

L5tYMGHDDRhnWCYdkCmFghZhFyXYUCOWEwBQRxZbYYGPQDAiQxhwuYaoPuFlhzhw

QTYFcPqA3D3A8Ys4ZjmeF7BXhUQD4V8KGo/D/A/wiMRACjGhjE0EIqEckA/Kwigg

vjBEUiNYoztlOMPVABaAxEI914KJbpNmDUwGDXRu7dADpTOIwBpgPQZwMoBWEplM

AzAaqNMHoCkBiRD7EUDYIMo016eplWkeU3S57w2e+rDnoazy6QACuzha6LWHTC/Y

pgWSFUNai6ZA5LQOAoJMKUdpvp4hiOdrrKPQ7xUUhvrJURQ3Oz9cihbDedFZHzAW

QJR+zaNnuV2ZGgTwlMS3s0LqHmi7eD5MRq0K269ELQGLFek6Ld69Cd24LH5gCzO6

ncFGQLWttJ1u4NtIWbbROjC2e4SBXuKnDtmp3342M+MdaI0IZDAmnQvSxOB+GZwn

YWcp2KI3YW2LCEER4eRcF6BX2NDJRhKaPTzkYPQD2gwuv4KANUCVRriimG4+wQzT

pEs0GRi3WkOz3pSsjHKXghpr4N8LoN6wS6AJEeGCJ2sH4FqAcpjAASWRqO748Zkk

O9a/jFR6QgCXOUOhBtZJxHLSOHxyJmpih9tfIi7l1AmikJZooahaPt4ihHmbQptH

KG3qu8VS7vQiQMOyAeixh60IqVAF9EzDbKqIoEaQBjFbCKAAIvImWLqlgjvIcYh4

X5EuHA00xdwzqZGGzEihcx7w6oJ8Ie6nwkyxY/AE1MWGtTfQ/kSEcBOhG1jQg9Y9

io2PM5eMIemOcSewTs7ek9pENLsYBizBYs4afyLdspKri5QlQncD4D0CKj/AUgj7

WwYl30kslDJk0VnoyLMksijxng/9t4MK6NNhUVkblFagmAo9Gckk7+E6moTpJVQA

qbKrmB8mfjYqcon8Qjj/FBTIAlDB2oG0tDmhe+hQmKWyIo5Ms5QEwELElPo4mS02

NvFbsGlY7NDMpmE3MF5KSx5SDqBUjHiCHdEjDSp3oiqbgGmH+iaCpYnuKQFQAABe

IUKgGUDEAYAqAHuJ3AyDVBUAMYUgEYEACYgIAB9ALIIQAQCoAjAFANEJpIQAbDLZ

HAa4EIGlk9wKAIYhQPbNWFhjGpEsqWbLK5DyzFZys1WfoHVmaydZ+sjgIbONmmy2

A5sq2RsJtl2yHZncJ2SCKOEdSExXU5MT1NuH4AMxjwwaQRGGn5jxpj2SaX8Omnuy

ZZcshWUrJVlqyjZgcvWQbKNkmyzZ1QKOdbNtn2zHZzszuPNLtKLTSZy06BHCIbGo

BFQcccAHTA2hwA4AkICRNwC8jQASwmQQ4LuFIA3hagDAQ2RQF/CEMRymwXeXvKRA

QBsAIgLVD8DWD6BIQY0aUZSUKCHzj5MMU+RkC3kYyiGAU5XkFNvlkR75Z8r4PtnX

HUjSgR8z+dkAfnnzku24gBXfOAVnyL5aXekS4I/knyz5RUayr9IQVfyMgaKMBgDM

gCALEFGQL4JMJFl+iHsaCqBfgv5meiCOa83Begv0BNSs5qc8hqQqgAgLp5JEWiQX

OYUgKlwT3fOi2Js5rzmA2ANEOCEBBOlHxWzRKMc3PSzAYZhEYRU6HwCVRWCFCB3N

DTiiWQYkrhNeUYDHj6BZ5gUAgPsicLZCeQZi8xeYsRGbScFkClhUgpSkglYQpAan

mvKDAkASpiiZhTAsxCYKbhnAeoWvOqwIAzAwgZgI8STLEAPFeWcAJ4wgBtR5BqAY

AG5BABuQgAA=

%%